| Rule No. 1: In a simple series, use a comma to separate the elements, but don’t put a comma before the conjunction. | Rule No. 2: Use a comma to separate two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction. |
| Rule No. 3: Use a comma following an introductory clause or prepositional phrase of four words or more. | Rule No. 4: Use commas to set off modifiers that are not essential to the reader's ability to identify a particular person, place or thing. |
| Rule No. 5: Use commas to separate adjectives of equal rank. | Rule No. 6: Use commas to set off words that add emphasis, shift attention or provide a fuller explanation (parentheticals, "yes," "no," names in direct address). |
| Rule No. 7: Use commas to set off participial modifiers that come at the beginning of a sentence or after the verb. | Rule No. 8: Use a comma, carefully, to set off quotes or paraphrases. |
| Rule No. 9: Use a comma with hometowns, ages, years with months and days, names of states and nations with cities, affiliations and most large numbers. | Rule No. 10: Use a comma to separate duplicate words to eliminate confusion. |
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